{"id":658,"date":"2025-12-17T16:14:28","date_gmt":"2025-12-17T09:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/?p=658"},"modified":"2026-02-05T16:40:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T09:40:15","slug":"cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i SMT Th\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1eb7p: Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n &#8211; Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT, m\u1ed7i l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf \u1edf c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n in kem h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n hay h\u00e0n reflow \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i, t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed rework v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i SMT ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#1_Loi_cau_han_Solder_Bridging\" >1. L\u1ed7i c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n (Solder Bridging)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Hien_tuong\" >Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Nguyen_nhan\" >Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Giai_phap\" >Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#2_Loi_bi_han_Solder_Balling\" >2. L\u1ed7i bi h\u00e0n (Solder Balling)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Hien_tuong-2\" >Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Nguyen_nhan-2\" >Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Giai_phap-2\" >Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#3_Loi_thieu_linh_kien_Missing_Components\" >3. L\u1ed7i thi\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n (Missing Components)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Hien_tuong-3\" >Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Nguyen_nhan-3\" >Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Giai_phap-3\" >Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#4_Lech_linh_kien_Misalignment_Component_Shift\" >4. L\u1ec7ch linh ki\u1ec7n (Misalignment \/ Component Shift)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Hien_tuong-4\" >Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Nguyen_nhan-4\" >Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Giai_phap-4\" >Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#5_Loi_tombstoning_Linh_kien_dung_dung\" >5. L\u1ed7i tombstoning (Linh ki\u1ec7n d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Hien_tuong-5\" >Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Nguyen_nhan-5\" >Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Giai_phap-5\" >Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#6_Thieu_kem_han_Insufficient_Solder_Paste\" >6. Thi\u1ebfu kem h\u00e0n (Insufficient Solder Paste)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Hien_tuong-6\" >Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Nguyen_nhan-6\" >Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Giai_phap-6\" >Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#7_Thua_kem_han_Excess_Solder_Paste\" >7. Th\u1eeba kem h\u00e0n (Excess Solder Paste)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Hien_tuong-7\" >Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Nguyen_nhan-7\" >Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Giai_phap-7\" >Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#8_Loi_han_nguoi_khong_uot_Cold_Joint_Non-wetting\" >8. L\u1ed7i h\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i \/ kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbt (Cold Joint \/ Non-wetting)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Hien_tuong-8\" >Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Nguyen_nhan-8\" >Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Giai_phap-8\" >Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Loi_cau_han_Solder_Bridging\"><\/span><b>1. L\u1ed7i c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n (Solder Bridging)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1563\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1563\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1563 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap.webp\" alt=\"L\u1ed7i c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap.webp 1200w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1563\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>L\u1ed7i c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hien_tuong\"><\/span><b>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7u h\u00e0n x\u1ea3y ra khi hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb n\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i thi\u1ebfc kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh reflow, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng short m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c sai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_nhan\"><\/span><b>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kem h\u00e0n in qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c kem lan ra ngo\u00e0i pad.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch pad nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng stencil ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc aperture.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb mounter qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m tr\u00e0n kem h\u00e0n.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Profile reflow qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng khi\u1ebfn kem h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e0n\u201d sang pad b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_phap\"><\/span><b>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y stencil ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng step-down stencil t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n d\u00e0y.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ef1c qu\u00e9t squeegee v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 in \u0111\u1ec3 kem kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e9p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c pick &amp; place ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c position c\u1ee7a mounter.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u profile reflow, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 peak temperature v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian khi thi\u1ebfc \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea3y lan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Loi_bi_han_Solder_Balling\"><\/span><b>2. L\u1ed7i bi h\u00e0n (Solder Balling)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1564\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1564\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1564 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-1.webp\" alt=\"L\u1ed7i bi h\u00e0n\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-1.webp 1200w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-1-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-1-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-1-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1564\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>L\u1ed7i bi h\u00e0n <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hien_tuong-2\"><\/span><b>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bi h\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t thi\u1ebfc nh\u1ecf xung quanh ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n sau reflow, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y r\u1ee7i ro ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_nhan-2\"><\/span><b>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kem h\u00e0n c\u00f2n \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng khi in.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nhi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 nhanh khi\u1ebfn flux b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t thi\u1ebfc ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stencil b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb d\u00ednh kem h\u00e0n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PCB c\u00f3 l\u1edbp solder mask ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0m thi\u1ebfc b\u00e1m sai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_phap-2\"><\/span><b>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 kem h\u00e0n ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 2\u20134 gi\u1edd \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ramp-up trong l\u00f2, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o flux bay h\u01a1i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u0103ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u1ec7 sinh stencil (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed7i 2\u20133 panel).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PCB \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n solder mask n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Loi_thieu_linh_kien_Missing_Components\"><\/span><b>3. L\u1ed7i thi\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n (Missing Components)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hien_tuong-3\"><\/span><b>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn l\u00ean PCB sau khi ch\u1ea1y qua d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n SMT.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_nhan-3\"><\/span><b>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e1y mounter kh\u00f4ng pick \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh ki\u1ec7n do nozzle b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1c h\u00fat y\u1ebfu.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb r\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o l\u00f2 reflow.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feeder k\u1eb9t, l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c setup sai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AOI kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ecbp l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sang c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_phap-3\"><\/span><b>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ec7 sinh nozzle v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ef1c h\u00fat \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 theo ca ho\u1eb7c theo l\u00f4.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra conveyor, gi\u1ea3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng khi PCB ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o reflow.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed feeder, lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 pick height v\u00e0 speed.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u0103ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m tra manual t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n pre-reflow \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Lech_linh_kien_Misalignment_Component_Shift\"><\/span><b>4. L\u1ec7ch linh ki\u1ec7n (Misalignment \/ Component Shift)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hien_tuong-4\"><\/span><b>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ec7ch linh ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra khi linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi pad ho\u1eb7c xoay nh\u1eb9 so v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng chu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1565\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1565\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1565 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-7.webp\" alt=\"L\u1ed7i l\u1ec7ch linh ki\u1ec7n\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-7.webp 1200w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-7-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-7-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-7-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1565\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>L\u1ed7i l\u1ec7ch linh ki\u1ec7n <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_nhan-4\"><\/span><b>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kem h\u00e0n in l\u1ec7ch pad ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u cao kem kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ef1c h\u00fat nozzle kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed khi \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PCB cong v\u00eanh khi\u1ebfn linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00f4i nh\u1eb9 trong l\u00f2.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng trong reflow t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y khi\u1ebfn linh ki\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_phap-4\"><\/span><b>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh alignment c\u1ee7a printer \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o in ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed pad.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ec7 sinh nozzle, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o camera nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng jig \u0111\u1ee1 PCB n\u1ebfu board d\u1ec5 cong khi gia nhi\u1ec7t.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea1t, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Loi_tombstoning_Linh_kien_dung_dung\"><\/span><b>5. L\u1ed7i tombstoning (Linh ki\u1ec7n d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hien_tuong-5\"><\/span><b>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tombstoning x\u1ea3y ra khi linh ki\u1ec7n chip nh\u1ecf (0402, 0603) b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u linh ki\u1ec7n d\u00ednh v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1566\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1566\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1566 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-3.webp\" alt=\"L\u1ed7i tombstoning\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-3.webp 1200w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-3-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-3-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-3-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1566\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>L\u1ed7i tombstoning<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_nhan-5\"><\/span><b>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hai pad n\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m thi\u1ebfc ch\u1ea3y l\u1ec7ch, k\u00e9o linh ki\u1ec7n l\u00ean.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kem h\u00e0n in kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea7u linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 nhanh g\u00e2y ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1ef1c \u01b0\u1edbt thi\u1ebfc.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Linh ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_phap-5\"><\/span><b>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh stencil \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kem h\u00e0n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ramp-up, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf pad theo \u0111\u00fang khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a IPC \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Thieu_kem_han_Insufficient_Solder_Paste\"><\/span><b>6. Thi\u1ebfu kem h\u00e0n (Insufficient Solder Paste)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hien_tuong-6\"><\/span><b>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebfu kem h\u00e0n khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n nh\u1ecf, y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1567\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1567\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1567 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-4.webp\" alt=\"L\u1ed7i thi\u1ebfu kem h\u00e0n\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-4.webp 1200w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-4-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-4-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-4-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1567\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>L\u1ed7i thi\u1ebfu kem h\u00e0n<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_nhan-6\"><\/span><b>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stencil b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea9n khi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kem in ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ef1c qu\u00e9t squeegee qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, kem kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0o aperture.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kem h\u00e0n kh\u00f4 do \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf pad nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c aperture kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_phap-6\"><\/span><b>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ec7 sinh stencil \u0111\u00fang chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n lau.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u00e9t squeegee v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra g\u00f3c qu\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kem h\u00e0n m\u1edbi, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 kem ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 30 ph\u00fat.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf stencil (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng aperture ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng thickness) n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Thua_kem_han_Excess_Solder_Paste\"><\/span><b>7. Th\u1eeba kem h\u00e0n (Excess Solder Paste)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hien_tuong-7\"><\/span><b>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1eeba kem h\u00e0n khi\u1ebfn thi\u1ebfc tr\u00e0n ra ngo\u00e0i pad, t\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ph\u00ecnh to h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1568\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1568\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1568 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-5.webp\" alt=\"L\u1ed7i th\u1eeba kem h\u00e0n\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-5.webp 1200w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-5-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-5-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-5-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1568\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>L\u1ed7i th\u1eeba kem h\u00e0n<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_nhan-7\"><\/span><b>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Squeegee \u00e9p qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m kem b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stencil qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c aperture m\u1edf qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec7 sinh stencil khi\u1ebfn kem t\u00edch t\u1ee5.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PCB rung nh\u1eb9 khi in l\u00e0m kem b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_phap-7\"><\/span><b>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e9t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh g\u00f3c squeegee \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kem \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00f9ng stencil m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc aperture.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u0103ng chu k\u1ef3 v\u1ec7 sinh stencil \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00edch t\u1ee5 kem d\u01b0.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00fat ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c fixture \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh PCB khi in.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Loi_han_nguoi_khong_uot_Cold_Joint_Non-wetting\"><\/span><b>8. L\u1ed7i h\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i \/ kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbt (Cold Joint \/ Non-wetting)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hien_tuong-8\"><\/span><b>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c pad, d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ea1ch khi c\u00f3 rung ho\u1eb7c va \u0111\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1569\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1569\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1569 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-6.webp\" alt=\"L\u1ed7i h\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-6.webp 1200w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-6-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-6-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/cac-loi-smt-thuong-gap-6-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1569\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>L\u1ed7i h\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_nhan-8\"><\/span><b>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh reflow kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfc ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t pad ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kem h\u00e0n h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh flux kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m nhi\u1ec7t (soak time) qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_phap-8\"><\/span><b>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u0103ng peak temperature th\u00eam 5\u201310\u00b0C t\u00f9y lo\u1ea1i kem h\u00e0n.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c PCB b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kem h\u00e0n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (2\u20138\u00b0C).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u th\u1eddi gian soak \u0111\u1ec3 flux ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o zone reflow.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span><b>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i SMT tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n &#8211; gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed rework, t\u0103ng yield v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT, m\u1ed7i l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf \u1edf c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n in kem h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n hay h\u00e0n reflow \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i, t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed rework v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":659,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-nganh"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=658"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1664,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658\/revisions\/1664"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}