{"id":2214,"date":"2026-05-09T15:37:10","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T08:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/?p=2214"},"modified":"2026-05-09T16:32:51","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T09:32:51","slug":"file-gerber-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"File Gerber l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>File Gerber l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB theo \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. File n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n, ch\u1eef in tr\u00ean board v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed khoan l\u1ed7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu file Gerber b\u1ecb sai ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra file Gerber tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u file Gerber l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#1_File_Gerber_la_gi\" >1. File Gerber l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#2_File_Gerber_quan_trong_nhu_the_nao_trong_san_xuat_PCB\" >2. File Gerber quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#3_Cac_loi_file_Gerber_thuong_gap\" >3. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i file Gerber th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#31_Thieu_hoac_xuat_sai_layer\" >3.1. Thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t sai layer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#32_Sai_file_drill\" >3.2. Sai file drill<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#33_Sai_kich_thuoc_hoac_outline_PCB\" >3.3. Sai k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c outline PCB<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#34_Loi_solder_mask_va_silkscreen\" >3.4. L\u1ed7i solder mask v\u00e0 silkscreen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#35_Sai_don_vi_do_hoac_ti_le_file\" >3.5. Sai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 file<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#36_Copper_qua_gan_mep_board\" >3.6. Copper qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n m\u00e9p board<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#4_Nha_may_PCB_kiem_tra_file_Gerber_nhu_the_nao\" >4. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y PCB ki\u1ec3m tra file Gerber nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#5_Nhung_dieu_can_kiem_tra_truoc_khi_gui_file_Gerber\" >5. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi file Gerber<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/file-gerber-la-gi\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_File_Gerber_la_gi\"><\/span>1. File Gerber l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>File Gerber l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB. File n\u00e0y gi\u00fap truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m PCB sang nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o board m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t file Gerber th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">L\u1edbp m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng (Copper layer)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">L\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n (Solder mask)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">L\u1edbp k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t board (Silkscreen)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u khoan l\u1ed7 (Drill file)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng PCB (Board outline)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y PCB c\u1ea7n file Gerber \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y gia c\u00f4ng PCB. N\u1ebfu file Gerber b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c sai th\u00f4ng tin, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2220\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2220\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2220\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/file-gerber-la-gi-02.webp\" alt=\"File Gerber\" width=\"1125\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/file-gerber-la-gi-02.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/file-gerber-la-gi-02-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/file-gerber-la-gi-02-1024x573.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/file-gerber-la-gi-02-768x430.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2220\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">File Gerber<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_File_Gerber_quan_trong_nhu_the_nao_trong_san_xuat_PCB\"><\/span>2. File Gerber quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>File Gerber \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gia c\u00f4ng board m\u1ea1ch. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng, khoan l\u1ed7, ph\u1ee7 solder mask hay in silkscreen \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb file Gerber.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, file Gerber c\u00f2n gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong file b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ec7ch, board m\u1ea1ch sau khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 sai k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ec7ch l\u1ed7 khoan ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a file Gerber \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a PCB sau khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Cac_loi_file_Gerber_thuong_gap\"><\/span>3. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i file Gerber th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t file Gerber, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh export file ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m CAD.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i file Gerber ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Thieu_hoac_xuat_sai_layer\"><\/span>3.1. Thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t sai layer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t khi xu\u1ea5t file Gerber. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebfu copper layer, solder mask ho\u1eb7c silkscreen. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean layer kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu layer b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c sai, PCB sau khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng board m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Sai_file_drill\"><\/span>3.2. Sai file drill<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>File drill l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 khoan tr\u00ean PCB. C\u00e1c file n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sang m\u00e1y CNC \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khoan board m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu file drill b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, sai \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh import d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed khoan, sai k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p linh ki\u1ec7n sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, drill file s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 .drl, .xln ho\u1eb7c NC Drill file \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_Sai_kich_thuoc_hoac_outline_PCB\"><\/span>3.3. Sai k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c outline PCB<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Board outline l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a PCB trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o outline n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft board, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb PCB v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu board outline b\u1ecb sai, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, PCB sau khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafp v\u1eeba v\u1edbi v\u1ecf c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, l\u1ed7i outline c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng PCB tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t file Gerber l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng PCB.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"34_Loi_solder_mask_va_silkscreen\"><\/span>3.4. L\u1ed7i solder mask v\u00e0 silkscreen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Solder mask v\u00e0 silkscreen l\u00e0 hai l\u1edbp quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean PCB, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n linh ki\u1ec7n, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra board m\u1ea1ch sau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1eef in \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean pad, kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf solder mask kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u linh ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu solder mask \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, PCB c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"35_Sai_don_vi_do_hoac_ti_le_file\"><\/span>3.5. Sai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 file<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 file l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb mm v\u00e0 inch ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t file v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Khi l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, PCB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb scale sai k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng board m\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m sai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n, l\u1ed7 khoan v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 file tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t file Gerber v\u00e0 g\u1eedi cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y PCB.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"36_Copper_qua_gan_mep_board\"><\/span>3.6. Copper qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n m\u00e9p board<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e9p PCB l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t board m\u1ea1ch. N\u1ebfu copper \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n m\u00e9p board, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng PCB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1edf l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng board ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a PCB trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. L\u1ed7i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e9p PCB tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t file Gerber \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Nha_may_PCB_kiem_tra_file_Gerber_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span>4. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y PCB ki\u1ec3m tra file Gerber nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a PCB v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m tra file Gerber \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng board m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng PCB.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c layer v\u00e0 drill file<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">So s\u00e1nh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 board outline c\u1ee7a PCB<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Ki\u1ec3m tra kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">X\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Gerber viewer ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 DFM \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"11i449g\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"56\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Nhung_dieu_can_kiem_tra_truoc_khi_gui_file_Gerber\"><\/span>5. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi file Gerber<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"58\" data-end=\"300\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi file Gerber cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y PCB, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 sai s\u00f3t, tr\u00e1nh ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"350\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"352\" data-end=\"828\">\n<li data-section-id=\"mxc57k\" data-start=\"352\" data-end=\"441\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c layer c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 copper layer, solder mask v\u00e0 silkscreen<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1asvhmz\" data-start=\"442\" data-end=\"517\">Ki\u1ec3m tra drill file \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 khoan ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1s3quwy\" data-start=\"518\" data-end=\"570\">Ki\u1ec3m tra board outline v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc PCB th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"zjnxj2\" data-start=\"571\" data-end=\"665\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e9p board ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"zutb7n\" data-start=\"666\" data-end=\"747\">\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean file v\u00e0 layer r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"grd87b\" data-start=\"748\" data-end=\"828\">Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng Gerber viewer tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y PCB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"830\" data-end=\"993\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n DFM checking \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng board m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>File Gerber \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB, gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y gia c\u00f4ng board m\u1ea1ch theo \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu file b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c sai d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, PCB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 file Gerber tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1ed7i, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PCB.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>File Gerber l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB theo \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. File n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n, ch\u1eef in tr\u00ean board v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed khoan l\u1ed7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu file Gerber b\u1ecb sai ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-nganh"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2214"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2221,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2214\/revisions\/2221"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}