{"id":2128,"date":"2026-04-08T15:25:03","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T08:25:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/?p=2128"},"modified":"2026-04-08T16:33:46","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:33:46","slug":"han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0n Ch\u00ec v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Kh\u00f4ng Ch\u00ec l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u1ef1 Kh\u00e1c Nhau v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch L\u1ef1a Ch\u1ecdn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 RoHS \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi\/#1_Han_chi_va_han_khong_chi_la_gi\" >1. H\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi\/#2_Thanh_phan_cua_han_chi_va_han_khong_chi\" >2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi\/#3_Su_khac_nhau_giua_han_chi_va_han_khong_chi\" >3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi\/#4_Quy_trinh_han_va_anh_huong_trong_san_xuat_PCBA\" >4. Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi\/#5_Tieu_chuan_va_quy_dinh_RoHS\" >5. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (RoHS)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi\/#6_Ung_dung_thuc_te_cua_han_chi_va_han_khong_chi\" >6. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi\/#7_Nen_chon_han_chi_hay_han_khong_chi\" >7. N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0n ch\u00ec hay h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi\/#8_Nhung_nham_lan_thuong_gap\" >8. Nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Han_chi_va_han_khong_chi_la_gi\"><\/span>1. H\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>H\u00e0n ch\u00ec (Lead solder) <\/b>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim thi\u1ebfc\u2013ch\u00ec (SnPb), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1edd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec (Lead-free solder)<\/strong> l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfc\u2013b\u1ea1c\u2013\u0111\u1ed3ng (SAC). Lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 RoHS v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2133\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2133\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2133\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-1.webp\" alt=\"H\u00e0n Ch\u00ec v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Kh\u00f4ng Ch\u00ec \" width=\"1125\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-1.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-1-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-1-1024x573.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-1-768x430.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00e0n Ch\u00ec v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Kh\u00f4ng Ch\u00ec<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Thanh_phan_cua_han_chi_va_han_khong_chi\"><\/span>2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8211; H\u00e0n ch\u00ec (Lead solder): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0n ch\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p kim thi\u1ebfc v\u00e0 ch\u00ec, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Sn63\/Pb37 ho\u1eb7c Sn60\/Pb40. Nh\u1edd ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec, lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p, d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8211; <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec (Lead-free solder)<\/strong><\/span>: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec m\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim thay th\u1ebf, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfc-b\u1ea1c-\u0111\u1ed3ng (SAC) nh\u01b0 SAC305 (Sn96.5\/Ag3.0\/Cu0.5). Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 SnCu ho\u1eb7c SnAg t\u00f9y theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Su_khac_nhau_giua_han_chi_va_han_khong_chi\"><\/span>3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"395\">H\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"431\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<div>\n<div tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table data-start=\"433\" data-end=\"1209\">\n<thead data-start=\"433\" data-end=\"504\">\n<tr data-start=\"433\" data-end=\"504\">\n<th data-start=\"433\" data-end=\"444\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"468\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong>H\u00e0n ch\u00ec (Lead solder)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"468\" data-end=\"504\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong>H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec (Lead-free solder)<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"1209\">\n<tr data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"683\">\n<td data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"589\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"589\" data-end=\"627\">Thi\u1ebfc + ch\u00ec (SnPb, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Sn63\/Pb37)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"627\" data-end=\"683\">Thi\u1ebfc + b\u1ea1c + \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 SAC305)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"745\">\n<td data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"705\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"705\" data-end=\"721\">Th\u1ea5p (~183\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"745\">Cao h\u01a1n (~217\u2013221\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"746\" data-end=\"793\">\n<td data-start=\"746\" data-end=\"766\" data-col-size=\"sm\">H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"766\" data-end=\"778\">B\u00f3ng, m\u1ecbn<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"793\">M\u1edd, h\u01a1i s\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"794\" data-end=\"834\">\n<td data-start=\"794\" data-end=\"814\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"814\" data-end=\"820\">T\u1ed1t<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"820\" data-end=\"834\">Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"835\" data-end=\"914\">\n<td data-start=\"835\" data-end=\"851\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"851\" data-end=\"866\">D\u1ebbo, \u00edt gi\u00f2n<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"866\" data-end=\"914\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"915\" data-end=\"987\">\n<td data-start=\"915\" data-end=\"930\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"930\" data-end=\"947\" data-col-size=\"sm\">D\u1ec5 h\u00e0n, \u00edt l\u1ed7i<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"947\" data-end=\"987\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"988\" data-end=\"1058\">\n<td data-start=\"988\" data-end=\"1010\" data-col-size=\"sm\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1010\" data-end=\"1029\">Ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1029\" data-end=\"1058\">Th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1089\">\n<td data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1075\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 RoHS<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1083\">Kh\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1083\" data-end=\"1089\">C\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1154\">\n<td data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1100\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Chi ph\u00ed<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1111\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1111\" data-end=\"1154\" data-col-size=\"md\">Cao h\u01a1n (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea1c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1209\">\n<td data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1173\" data-col-size=\"sm\">S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa\/Rework<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1182\">D\u1ec5 h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1182\" data-end=\"1209\">Kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1499\">Nh\u00ecn chung, h\u00e0n ch\u00ec mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, trong khi h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 trong t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2134\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2134\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2134\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-2.webp\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec\" width=\"1125\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-2.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-2-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-2-1024x573.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-2-768x430.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2134\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Quy_trinh_han_va_anh_huong_trong_san_xuat_PCBA\"><\/span>4. Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0n ch\u00ec (Lead solder): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0n ch\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p n\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh reflow ho\u1eb7c wave soldering d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n. M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0\u1edbt t\u1ed1t, \u00edt l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec (Lead-free solder): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 profile nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh reflow. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfc, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 tombstoning ho\u1eb7c voiding n\u1ebfu quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PCBA.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2138\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2138\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2138\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-3.webp\" alt=\"\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n\" width=\"1125\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-3.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-3-300x150.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-3-1024x511.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/han-chi-va-han-khong-chi-la-gi-3-768x383.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2138\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Tieu_chuan_va_quy_dinh_RoHS\"><\/span>5. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (RoHS)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) l\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb h\u00e0n ch\u00ec sang h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 RoHS, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 EU ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Ung_dung_thuc_te_cua_han_chi_va_han_khong_chi\"><\/span>6. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8211; H\u00e0n ch\u00ec (Lead solder): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0n ch\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 prototyping.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8211; <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec (Lead-free solder)<\/strong><\/span>: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, laptop v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 RoHS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, trong \u0111\u00f3 lead-free solder ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Nen_chon_han_chi_hay_han_khong_chi\"><\/span>7. N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0n ch\u00ec hay h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 RoHS ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, h\u00e0n ch\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, trong khi h\u00e0n ch\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c khi \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Nhung_nham_lan_thuong_gap\"><\/span>8. Nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ec1 h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec do ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c chi ph\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec lu\u00f4n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang. H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u00e0n ch\u00ec lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho nhau: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Chi ph\u00ed ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 do v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy tr\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00f9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n n\u00e0o, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0 AOI ho\u1eb7c ICT v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Trong khi h\u00e0n ch\u00ec d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao th\u00ec h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, h\u00e0n ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-nganh"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2128"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2139,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2128\/revisions\/2139"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}