{"id":2044,"date":"2026-04-02T13:52:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T06:52:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/?p=2044"},"modified":"2026-04-02T13:52:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T06:52:17","slug":"kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray trong PCBA l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1eb1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray trong PCBA l\u00e0 g\u00ec, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba\/#1_Kiem_tra_X-Ray_trong_PCBA_la_gi\" >1. Ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray trong PCBA l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba\/#2_X-Ray_kiem_tra_nhung_gi\" >2. X-Ray ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba\/#3_Nguyen_ly_hoat_dong\" >3. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba\/#4_Khi_nao_can_kiem_tra_X-Ray\" >4. Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba\/#5_So_sanh_X-Ray_va_AOI\" >5. So s\u00e1nh X-Ray v\u00e0 AOI<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba\/#6_Uu_diem_va_han_che\" >6. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Kiem_tra_X-Ray_trong_PCBA_la_gi\"><\/span>1. Ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray trong PCBA l\u00e0 g\u00ec<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray trong PCBA l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia X \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, X-Ray cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00ecn xuy\u00ean qua linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00e1o r\u1eddi hay ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ea9n nh\u01b0 BGA, QFN ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong PCB. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, X-Ray gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AOI kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA, ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2048\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2048\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2048\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba-2.webp\" alt=\"Ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray trong PCBA\" width=\"1125\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba-2.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba-2-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba-2-1024x573.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba-2-768x430.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2048\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray trong PCBA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_X-Ray_kiem_tra_nhung_gi\"><\/span>2. X-Ray ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong PCBA, ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean trong m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 AOI ho\u1eb7c quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, X-Ray th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n BGA:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi linh ki\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Linh ki\u1ec7n QFN v\u00e0 c\u00e1c package \u1ea9n:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>L\u1ed7i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u00ean trong:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed (void), c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong PCB:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ch, via ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u00ean trong b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi pad hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan s\u00e1t xuy\u00ean qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, X-Ray gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1ea9n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m PCBA.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Nguyen_ly_hoat_dong\"><\/span>3. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray trong PCBA ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xuy\u00ean qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a tia X \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Khi tia X \u0111i qua PCB, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebfc h\u00e0n hay nh\u1ef1a s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tia X \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i) s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xung quanh. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i b\u00ean trong nh\u01b0 r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfc ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng X-Ray c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c g\u00f3c chi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ee5p 2D\/3D \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 BGA. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2049\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2049\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2049\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba-3.webp\" alt=\"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a X-Ray\" width=\"1125\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba-3.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba-3-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba-3-1024x573.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/kiem-tra-x-ray-trong-pcba-3-768x430.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2049\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a X-Ray<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Khi_nao_can_kiem_tra_X-Ray\"><\/span>4. Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m PCBA \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ea9n:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nh\u01b0 BGA, QFN ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c package ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u01a1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 y t\u1ebf, \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i sau reflow:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Khi c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u00ean trong nh\u01b0 r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfc ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n m\u00e0 AOI kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ed7i:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> X-Ray \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ed7i (failure analysis) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u, X-Ray gi\u00fap x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00ecn chung, ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c khi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_So_sanh_X-Ray_va_AOI\"><\/span>5. So s\u00e1nh X-Ray v\u00e0 AOI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X-Ray v\u00e0 AOI \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>AOI (Automated Optical Inspection)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>X-Ray Inspection<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng camera v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia X xuy\u00ean qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t PCB<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00ean trong PCB v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ec7ch linh ki\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n, sai h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1ea9n, void, c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n, thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfc<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra linh ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 (BGA, QFN\u2026)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nhanh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chi ph\u00ed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cao h\u01a1n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra sau SMT, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra linh ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ed7i<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00ecn chung, AOI ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, trong khi X-Ray \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u00ean trong. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m PCBA.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2050\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2050\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2050\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/x-ray-vs-aoi.webp\" alt=\"So s\u00e1nh X-Ray v\u00e0 AOI\" width=\"1125\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/x-ray-vs-aoi.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/x-ray-vs-aoi-300x116.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/x-ray-vs-aoi-1024x396.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/x-ray-vs-aoi-768x297.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2050\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">So s\u00e1nh X-Ray v\u00e0 AOI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Uu_diem_va_han_che\"><\/span>6. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PCBA, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1ea9n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cho ph\u00e9p quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 void, thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfc ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n b\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00e1o r\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng PCB.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi linh ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi BGA, QFN v\u00e0 c\u00e1c package hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb X-Ray v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi AOI.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> C\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Kh\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho ki\u1ec3m tra chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray trong PCBA l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, X-Ray th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 AOI \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1eb1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ki\u1ec3m tra X-Ray \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-nganh"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2044"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2051,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2044\/revisions\/2051"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}