{"id":1976,"date":"2026-03-28T10:16:47","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T03:16:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/?p=1976"},"modified":"2026-03-28T11:55:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T04:55:18","slug":"nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong PCBA v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bo m\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i PCBA th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#1_Loi_PCBA_la_gi\" >1. L\u1ed7i PCBA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#2_Nhung_loi_PCBA_thuong_gap\" >2. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i PCBA th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#21_Loi_han_Solder_defects\" >2.1. L\u1ed7i h\u00e0n (Solder defects)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#22_Loi_linh_kien_Component_defects\" >2.2. L\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n (Component defects)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#23_Loi_machket_noi_Trace_Electrical_defects\" >2.3. L\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ch\/k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (Trace &amp; Electrical defects)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#24_Loi_via_va_pad_ViaPad_defects\" >2.4. L\u1ed7i via v\u00e0 pad (Via\/Pad defects)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#3_Cach_phat_hien_loi_PCBA\" >3. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i PCBA<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#31_Kiem_tra_bang_AOI_Automated_Optical_Inspection\" >3.1. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng AOI (Automated Optical Inspection)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#32_Kiem_tra_bang_ICT_In-Circuit_Test\" >3.2. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ICT (In-Circuit Test)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#33_Kiem_tra_bang_X-Ray_Inspection\" >3.3. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng X-Ray Inspection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#34_Kiem_tra_chuc_nang_Functional_Test_%E2%80%93_FCT\" >3.4. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (Functional Test &#8211; FCT)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#4_Nguyen_nhan_gay_loi_PCBA\" >4. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i PCBA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#5_Cach_giam_thieu_loi_PCBA\" >5. C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i PCBA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Loi_PCBA_la_gi\"><\/span>1. L\u1ed7i PCBA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i PCBA (PCBA defects) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, khi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong khi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0 AOI, ICT, X-Ray ho\u1eb7c Functional Test (FCT).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i PCBA l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1982\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1982\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba-1-1.webp\" alt=\"Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong PCBA\" width=\"1125\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba-1-1.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba-1-1-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba-1-1-1024x573.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nhung-loi-thuong-gap-trong-pcba-1-1-768x430.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1982\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong PCBA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Nhung_loi_PCBA_thuong_gap\"><\/span>2. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i PCBA th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA, l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh: l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n, l\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n, l\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i via\/pad.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_Loi_han_Solder_defects\"><\/span><b>2.1. L\u1ed7i h\u00e0n (Solder defects)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i h\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bo m\u1ea1ch. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Solder bridge:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> X\u1ea3y ra khi thi\u1ebfc n\u1ed1i hai ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, g\u00e2y ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cold solder:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Solder void:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng b\u00ean trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Poor wetting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Thi\u1ebfc kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0o pad v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n, g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac k\u00e9m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Excess solder:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> L\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebfc qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0 AOI ho\u1eb7c X-Ray.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1983\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1983\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1983\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/loi-han.webp\" alt=\"L\u1ed7i h\u00e0n\" width=\"1125\" height=\"278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/loi-han.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/loi-han-300x74.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/loi-han-1024x253.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/loi-han-768x190.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1983\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L\u1ed7i h\u00e0n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_Loi_linh_kien_Component_defects\"><\/span><b>2.2. L\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n (Component defects)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1eafp &amp; \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Missing component:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Thi\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Misalignment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Wrong orientation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> L\u1eafp sai chi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Component shift:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb x\u00ea d\u1ecbch sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng AOI ho\u1eb7c ICT.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1984\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/loi-linh-kien.webp\" alt=\"C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\" width=\"1125\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/loi-linh-kien.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/loi-linh-kien-300x90.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/loi-linh-kien-1024x308.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/loi-linh-kien-768x231.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_Loi_machket_noi_Trace_Electrical_defects\"><\/span><b>2.3. L\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ch\/k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (Trace &amp; Electrical defects)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong m\u1ea1ch, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Open circuit:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Short circuit:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb n\u1ed1i ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Broken trace:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng do l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Trace too close:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ICT ho\u1eb7c AOI.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"24_Loi_via_va_pad_ViaPad_defects\"><\/span><b>2.4. L\u1ed7i via v\u00e0 pad (Via\/Pad defects)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Via v\u00e0 pad l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n. L\u1ed7i t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Void trong via:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> L\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng trong l\u1edbp m\u1ea1, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Lifted pad:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Pad b\u1ecb bong kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t PCB, g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Wrong hole size:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pad contamination:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t pad b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00f3m l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u nh\u01b0 X-Ray ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Cach_phat_hien_loi_PCBA\"><\/span><b>3. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i PCBA<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i PCBA c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Kiem_tra_bang_AOI_Automated_Optical_Inspection\"><\/span>3.1. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng AOI (Automated Optical Inspection)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AOI s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng camera \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bo m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i h\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (solder bridge, thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfc).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n (l\u1ec7ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, thi\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n, sai chi\u1ec1u).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AOI c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Kiem_tra_bang_ICT_In-Circuit_Test\"><\/span><b>3.2. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ICT (In-Circuit Test)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICT l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n (sai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, h\u1ecfng linh ki\u1ec7n).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (open, short).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf fixture ri\u00eang cho t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_Kiem_tra_bang_X-Ray_Inspection\"><\/span><b>3.3. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng X-Ray Inspection<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X-Ray s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia X \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n \u1ea9n nh\u01b0 BGA ho\u1eb7c QFN.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X-Ray gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Void trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i h\u00e0n \u1ea9n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i via ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u00ean trong.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 AOI ho\u1eb7c ICT kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"34_Kiem_tra_chuc_nang_Functional_Test_%E2%80%93_FCT\"><\/span><b>3.4. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (Functional Test &#8211; FCT)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FCT ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i logic ho\u1eb7c firmware.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi m\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FCT th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i PCBA. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 AOI, ICT, X-Ray v\u00e0 FCT \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1985\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1985\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cach-phat-hien-loi-pcba.webp\" alt=\"C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i PCBA\" width=\"1125\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cach-phat-hien-loi-pcba.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cach-phat-hien-loi-pcba-300x90.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cach-phat-hien-loi-pcba-1024x309.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cach-phat-hien-loi-pcba-768x231.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1985\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i PCBA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Nguyen_nhan_gay_loi_PCBA\"><\/span>4. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i PCBA<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i PCBA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebfc kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 h\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i, thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfc ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB ch\u01b0a t\u1ed1i \u01b0u:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf pad kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i, sai th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sai s\u00f3t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> L\u1ed7i placement, sai chi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, b\u1ee5i ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Cach_giam_thieu_loi_PCBA\"><\/span><b>5. C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i PCBA<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc pad v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp profile nhi\u1ec7t, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebfc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p AOI, ICT, X-Ray v\u00e0 FCT \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i, n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m PCBA \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i PCBA l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ed7i. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 AOI, ICT, X-Ray v\u00e0 FCT l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bo m\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1981,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-nganh"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1976","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1976"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1976\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1986,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1976\/revisions\/1986"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}