{"id":1911,"date":"2026-03-18T15:42:27","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T08:42:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/?p=1911"},"modified":"2026-03-18T16:42:40","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T09:42:40","slug":"functional-testing-trong-pcba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/functional-testing-trong-pcba\/","title":{"rendered":"Functional Testing (FCT) trong PCBA: Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf linh ki\u1ec7n hay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Functional Testing FCT l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, FCT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u FCT l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/functional-testing-trong-pcba\/#1_Functional_Testing_FCT_la_gi\" >1. Functional Testing (FCT) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/functional-testing-trong-pcba\/#2_FCT_kiem_tra_nhung_gi\" >2. FCT ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/functional-testing-trong-pcba\/#3_Su_khac_nhau_giua_FCT_va_cac_phuong_phap_test_khac\" >3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa FCT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p test kh\u00e1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/functional-testing-trong-pcba\/#4_Khi_nao_can_su_dung_FCT\" >4. Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FCT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/functional-testing-trong-pcba\/#5_Quy_trinh_FCT\" >5. Quy tr\u00ecnh FCT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/functional-testing-trong-pcba\/#6_Uu_diem_va_han_che_cua_kiem_tra_chung_nang_FCT\" >6. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng n\u0103ng FCT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/vi\/functional-testing-trong-pcba\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Functional_Testing_FCT_la_gi\"><\/span>1. Functional Testing (FCT) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Functional Testing (FCT) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB (PCBA). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ICT ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, FCT t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o <\/span><b>t<\/b>o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FCT th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1918\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1918\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1918\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/functional-testing-5.webp\" alt=\"Functional Testing\" width=\"1125\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/functional-testing-5.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/functional-testing-5-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/functional-testing-5-1024x573.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/functional-testing-5-768x430.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1918\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Functional Testing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_FCT_kiem_tra_nhung_gi\"><\/span>2. FCT ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FCT ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra, FCT th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra (I\/O):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> x\u00e1c minh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 UART, I2C, SPI ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb\u2026).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Firmware (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c vi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FCT m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn logic ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Su_khac_nhau_giua_FCT_va_cac_phuong_phap_test_khac\"><\/span>3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa FCT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p test kh\u00e1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA, Functional Testing th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ICT (In-Circuit Test) ho\u1eb7c Flying Probe. M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1920\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1920\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1920\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/su-khac-nhau-giua-fct-va-cac-phuong-phap-khac.webp\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa FCT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p test kh\u00e1c\" width=\"1125\" height=\"421\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/su-khac-nhau-giua-fct-va-cac-phuong-phap-khac.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/su-khac-nhau-giua-fct-va-cac-phuong-phap-khac-300x112.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/su-khac-nhau-giua-fct-va-cac-phuong-phap-khac-1024x383.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/su-khac-nhau-giua-fct-va-cac-phuong-phap-khac-768x287.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1920\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa FCT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p test kh\u00e1c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00fap so s\u00e1nh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 15.0301%;\"><b>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 27.7555%;\"><b>FCT<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 28.2565%;\"><b>ICT<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 27.8557%;\"><b>Flying Probe Test<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.0301%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ki\u1ec3m tra<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7555%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ch<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.2565%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.8557%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.0301%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7555%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (system level)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.2565%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 linh ki\u1ec7n (component level)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.8557%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 linh ki\u1ec7n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.0301%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7555%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.2565%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.8557%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p (prototype, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.0301%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7555%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, l\u1ed7i logic, l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.2565%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n, l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n, l\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.8557%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.0301%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7555%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trung b\u00ecnh<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.2565%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nhanh (v\u1edbi fixture)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.8557%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.0301%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7555%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trung b\u00ecnh (c\u1ea7n test setup)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.2565%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cao (c\u1ea7n fixture ri\u00eang)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.8557%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ea5p (kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n fixture)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Khi_nao_can_su_dung_FCT\"><\/span>4. Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FCT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Functional Testing th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n <\/span>ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FCT ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bo m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, vi x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m tra linh ki\u1ec7n hay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n (final product): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sau c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p test kh\u00e1c (ICT, Flying Probe): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FCT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 <\/span><b>b\u1ed5 sung<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FCT gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1919\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1919\" style=\"width: 1125px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1919\" src=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/functional-testing-5-1.webp\" alt=\"Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FCT\" width=\"1125\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/functional-testing-5-1.webp 1125w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/functional-testing-5-1-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/functional-testing-5-1-1024x573.webp 1024w, https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/functional-testing-5-1-768x430.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1125px) 100vw, 1125px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1919\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FCT<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Quy_trinh_FCT\"><\/span>5. Quy tr\u00ecnh FCT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quy tr\u00ecnh Functional Test \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. T\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb test fixture: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng jig\/fixture \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i bo m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m test.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>C\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho bo m\u1ea1ch: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a bo m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>N\u1ea1p firmware (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ea1p ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c vi x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c test case: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (Pass\/Fail): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Uu_diem_va_han_che_cua_kiem_tra_chung_nang_FCT\"><\/span>6. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng n\u0103ng FCT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng FCT gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra bo m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch: Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng linh ki\u1ec7n, FCT ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 bo m\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">G\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh: Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra ri\u00eang: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch test kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">C\u1ea7n th\u00eam thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 jig ho\u1eb7c fixture \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 test bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">T\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, FCT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Functional Testing l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra quan tr\u1ecdng trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCBA, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bo m\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c, FCT t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng FCT k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p test kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ICT ho\u1eb7c Flying Probe s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ed7i sau khi \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf linh ki\u1ec7n hay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Functional Testing FCT l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-nganh"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1911"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1922,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1911\/revisions\/1922"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makipos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}